The ultra-shortwave communication system consists of terminal stations and relay stations. Terminal stations are equipped with transmitters, receivers, carrier terminal equipment, and antennas. Relay stations only have transmitters and receivers that reach in two directions, as well as corresponding antennas.

　　1. Transmitter. Indirect frequency modulation is generally used, that is, the method of using phase modulation to obtain frequency modulation. In this way, a crystal oscillator with higher frequency stability can be used as the master oscillator, and a complex frequency control system is not required. However, in order to weaken parasitic amplitude modulation and nonlinear distortion, the modulation coefficient cannot be too large, generally less than radians. Therefore, a multi-stage frequency multiplier is used in this transmitter to obtain the required frequency deviation, thereby increasing the sideband power of the transmission frequency. The final stage of the transmitter uses a Class C power amplifier, which has high efficiency. In the ultra-shortwave band, lumped parameter elements can still be used to form a tuning circuit, and microstrip components can be used at the high-frequency end.

　　2. Receiver. It is generally a typical frequency modulation superheterodyne receiver. It is mainly composed of high-frequency amplification, local oscillation, frequency conversion (once or twice), intermediate frequency amplification, limiting, frequency discrimination, and baseband amplification components. There is a lot of external interference in the ultra-shortwave band, so a spiral filter must be added to the input end of the receiver, and an input band-pass filter must be added to the intermediate amplifier stage to suppress interference. The frequency modulation signal after the intermediate amplifier passes through the limiter, which can eliminate the mixed pulse interference or parasitic amplitude modulation wave, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and then the original baseband signal is recovered by the discriminator, amplified, and then distributed by the carrier terminal to the user.

　　3. Carrier terminal. It is a device that branches and merges the old line baseband signals of the ultra-shortwave transmitter and the ultra-shortwave receiver into multi-channel two-wire voice signals, connecting to users or the public telephone exchange. The carrier terminal is only installed at the ultra-shortwave terminal station.

　　4. Antenna. Since the wavelength of ultra-short waves is short, three-element or five-element Yagi antennas with simple structure, high gain, and good directivity are generally used. At the high-frequency end close to the microwave band, corner reflectors can also be used.